|
ACTION |
WHO TAKES ACTION? |
WHAT ACTION IS TAKEN? |
HOW IS ACTION DONE? |
WHEN IS ACTION DONE? |
WHY IS ACTION DONE? |
WHERE ACTION TAKEN? |
|
Harvest |
farmer family labor hired labor |
pluck fruit from tree; put in basket |
Local & export color index |
morning |
comfortable for workers, suitable for market, fruit turgid |
farm |
|
In-field collection |
farmer family labor hired labor |
gather fruit to one point |
collect in containers, keep under shade |
morning |
collect qty. to handle before |
farm |
|
On-farm packing |
farmer family labor hired labor |
remove bags; arrange in containers |
arrange tightly, breadthwise, with paper lining |
morning |
easy handling minimizes damage |
farm |
|
On-farm transport |
farmer family labor hired labor |
carry field container to collection point |
manually with wheelbarrow, motorcycle, lorry |
late morning |
gathering of fruit to one location |
farm |
|
Packing for local market |
packer (laborer) farmer |
sort those not meant for export |
manually packed in CFB |
anytime |
facilitate transport |
packinghouse on farm |
|
Transport to local market |
farmer middlemen wholesaler |
convey the produce |
container in motorcycle, lorry |
morning |
to sell produce |
road |
|
Transport to export market |
shipping line |
load in container (air, sea) |
by air, sea |
anytime according to schedule |
for export |
at port (sea, air) |
|
Auction sale |
wholesaler |
auctioning |
best offered price in Hong Kong |
early morning |
best profit |
auction market at wholesale market |
|
Collection for retail |
In Hong retailer supermarket |
display on yam leaves; display in chilled cabinet |
arrange for best view price marking/lb |
10:00 am to midnight |
to sell best appearance |
retail outlets supermarkets |
|
Sale to consumer |
retailer buyer |
allow buyers to select according to preference |
bargain fixed price |
10:00 am to midnight |
change ownership, buyers desire to eat |
retail outlets |
|
Transport to packinghouse |
middleman, packinghouse operator |
take produce from farm to packinghouse |
farmer's or rented lorry delivers to market; motorcycles Export: lorry |
late morning to afternoon |
market or packinghouse away from farm |
suburbs |
|
Unloading at packinghouse |
laborer |
unload manually from vehicle |
separate poor quality fruit, export good fruit for operations |
afternoon and evening |
collection and change ownership |
packinghouse |
|
Packing for export |
packer (laborer) |
sort, clean, size, grade and box |
manual |
anytime |
unitization, transport, protection |
packinghouse |
|
Storage for export |
exporter |
store produce at ambient, coldroom air-con |
stored in CFB |
anytime |
waiting for enough qty waiting for transport |
packinghouse coldroom, complex, port container |
Source: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 1988, pp. 41-42.
