18. Contract specifications with regard to LGB when arranging for a maize purchase from a country known or suspected to be infested by LGB.¹

¹ Countries infested by LGB (situation as of July, 1994) are:

In America:	Colombia, Peru, all Meso-American countries, South of United States.
In East Africa:	Malawi, Tanzania, Burundi, Kenya.
In West Africa:	Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Guinea.

1. To require a fumigation certificate referring to a fumigation carried out immediately prior to export, it should mention:

· the type of fumigation (e.g. hag-stacks under sheet, grain silo, barge or freight container, hoard ship),

· the used fumigant,

· the duration of fumigation,

· fumigant dosage².

² An effective control of LGB (and other stored insect pests as well, except mites) is obtained with a dosage of 20 or 32g/m³ of methyl bromide for an exposure period of 48 or 24 hour respectively, and a dosage of 1.3g/m³ of phosphine for a minimum exposure of 120 hours.

· the temperature at which the fumigation has been carried out (grain temperature for bulk fumigation, atmospheric temperature for fumigation in sack,

· date of degassing

2. To require a certificate, issued by an independent certified Phytosanitary or Produce Inspector or Cargo Superintendent, stating that an adequate concentration has been achieved throughout the fumigation and reporting the date of vessel loading.

3. To instruct that a designated independent surveyor/inspector, acting on behalf of the receiving contractor has the right to check the grain at loading for the presence of any live storage insect and the authority to withhold certification in case of presence of live storage insects.

4. To stipulate that additional cost resulting from the non- observance of specifications will he met by the seller.