Internal parasites: Stomach and gut worms

Symptoms

· Animal is thin and looks weak.
· Lack of appetite.
· Anemia. The first symptom is a pale color of the skin, snout, nostrils and gums. The flesh is pale.
· Diarrhea.
· Enlarged abdomen.

Cause

Various types of parasites living in the stomach and gut.

· Stomach worm (Mecistocirrus digitatus). Barber's pole worm or wire worm (Haemonchus contortus).

· Tapeworm (Taenia multiceps).

· Whipworm (Trichuris ovis).

· Hookworm (Bunostonum spp.).

· Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongylus spp.)

Life cycle of roundworms in cattle, water buffalo and goats

Young and malnourished animals of both sexes are most susceptible to parasites. The problem is especially common in the rainy season. The animals may become dehydrated and die.

The parasites are transmitted when an animal eats grasses or drinks water contaminated with larvae. Less commonly, they can be spread from the mother to its offspring,.

Prevention

· Deworm the animal regularly. Use the herbal dewormers listed in the table. These dosages are for cattle and buffaloes. Use half these amounts for calves, sheep and goats.

· Rotate pasture. Do not use always the same pasture area to graze the animals. Rotation will help the grasses to rejuvenate and will protect the animals from infected grasses.

· Keep the animals and the surroundings clean.

Prevention

Treatment for internal parasites

Scientific	Common Name	Parts Used	Preparation	Dosage	Application
Areca catechu	Betel nut	Mature, air-dried nuts	Pound nuts and mix in water.	8-10 nuts	Drench. Repeat after 2-3 weeks. (Indonesia, Laos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Aristolochia bracteata	Worm killer	Fresh leaves	Grind 2 handfuls of leaves and mix with 50 g of brown sugar and a little water and make a bolus.	This is enough for 1 dose. Make a fresh batch for each of the following day.	Administer once in the morning, again in the evening and repeat in the morning(India, Philippines. 1 , 2, 5)
Carica papaya	Papaya	Air-dried ripe seeds	Pound seeds and add a little water.	3 g seeds per 1 kg body weight(or ½ kg seeds per small animal and 1 kg seeds per adult animal)	Drench once a day for 6 days. (Indonesia, Philippines. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Note: Do not use this treatment for pregnant animals.
Chrysophyllum cainito	Star apple	Air-dried leaves	Decoction of 2 parts of water for 1 part leaves.	40 ml of liquid Drench. for every 30 kg of body weight.	Repeat after 2-3 weeks. (China, Philippines. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Diospyros mollis	Ebony	Fruit	-- Pound 600 9 ripe fruit with 80 9 salt and 700-800 ml water. Filter the pounded mixture to get the liquid. -- Here is another way to prepare it: Pound 300 g ripe fruit and extract the juice. Mix the juice with 250 ml water and 3 tablespoons epsom salt	Give as drench.	250 ml of the solution to be given once only. Need not be repeated. (Thailand. 1, 2, 3, 4)
Note: Do not use this treatment for pregnant animals and those with kidney disease.
Mimosa pudica	Sensitive plant	Air-dried mature leaves	Decoction of 2 parts water for 1 part of leaves. Strain to get the vine.	40 ml of liquid for every 30 kg body weight.	Drench. Repeat after 2-3 weeks. (China, Philippines. 1,2, 3, 4, 5)
Morinda citrifolia	Indian mulberry	Whole mature fruit	Pound 1 mature fruit. Add 50 ml water and a little salt while pounding.	1 fruit and water.	Drench once a week for 3 weeks. (India, Philippines. 1)
Punica granatum	Pomegranate	Fruit	Pound 300 g ripe fruit and add 2 liters of water. Boil the mixture until the liquid is 700 ml. Collect the liquid and allow it to cool.	Give as drench.	700 ml for a mature buffalo and cattle. To be given once only. Need not be repeated. (Thailand. 1, 2, 3, 4)
Note: Do not USE this treatment for pregnant animals.
Tamarindus indica	Tamarind	Ripe fruit pulp	Pound 300 g pulp of tamarind and 150 g rhizome of ginger. Mix a pinch of salt to the mixture.	Through the mouth.	Give the whole treatment in one application. Need not be repeated. (Thailand. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Zingiber cassumunar	Ginger	Rhizome
Tinospora rumphii		Mature vine	Decoction of 2 parts of water for 1 part vine.	40 ml of liquid of for every 30 kg of body	Drench. Repeat after 2-3 weeks. (China, Philippines. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)