Quarantine pest lists constitute an essential point of reference for determining quarantine action and form part of the Rules and Regulations of a country. They may also be drafted for a particular Region, as currently done by the Inter-African Phytosanitary Council, (IAPSC) and other Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs). In the latter case, the quarantine pest lists are named Lists 1 and 2 or A1 and A2, to denote whether the concerned pests are not present in the Region (A1 or List 1) or if present they are of limited distribution, or occurring only in some countries in the Region (A2 or List 2).
In either case (national or regional pest lists), the objective is to determine which pests are of a quarantine rank and which require action if detected. In connection with A2 regional lists, the countries where a pest is widespread would not take quarantine action, unless the pest is of limited geographical distribution in that country, is of economic importance, and under official control. This would qualify it as a quarantine pest and quarantine action could be warranted.
The determination of quarantine pest status through Pest Risk Analysis procedures may not be sufficient to warrant quarantine action. An assessment of its risk of introduction and dissemination in the country must be conducted. If the assessed risk is substantial, action would be justified. On the other hand, if the assessed risk is insignificant, action would not be warranted and, hence, the pest would not be included in the quarantine pest lists.
From the proceeding guidelines, it can be seen that Prostephanus truncatus would qualify as a pest of critical quarantine importance in countries presently free from LGB. The underlying caveat here is freedom of infestation which requires substantiation through appropriate pest detection methods (direct, or use of pheromone baited flight traps), and that any subsequent LGB interceptions would be attributable to sources external to the country concerned. With respect to TANZANIA and KENYA, internal and border phytosanitary procedures are followed to limit the spread of LGB from known infested regions to others not presently infested, particularly western Kenya and the southern highlands of Tanzania, which constitute major maize growing (surplus) areas in each country. Phytosanitary procedures in Tanzania are enforced through the establishment of the 1986 "DUMUZI"1 Regulations, which enables Zonal LGB Supervisors and Plant Produce (PP) Inspectors to demand treatment, and in cases of non-compliance, the official status to impound and destroy maize suspected of harbouring an LGB infestation.
1 DUMUZI = Larger Grain Borer (LGB)
On a sub-regional basis, the newly established Southern and East African RPPO's (Plant Quarantine Networks or PQN's) would recognize LGB as an A2, quarantine pest. These PQN's should also recognize that absolute trade embargoes (currently affecting Tanzania and Kenya) are not warranted if appropriate and standardized phytosanitary procedures (inspection, treatment, certification) can be agreed upon. Standardized procedures will be most effective in combination with the implementation of survey and detection methods, and contingency action plans in the event of further spread by LGB to non-infested countries.
THE PLANT PROTECTION ORDINANCE (CAP. ____) RULES
Made under Section ____
THE NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION (CONTROL OF PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS RULES, date)
1. These rules may be cited as the Plant Protection (Control of Prostephanus truncatus Rules, 1986.
2. In these Rules-
"fumigated" or fumigation means fumigation in a manner which shall be recommended by an inspector;"treated with insecticide" or "treatment with insecticide" means treated with insecticide or treatment with insecticide in a manner which shall be recommended by an inspector.
3. When any article which is produced locally or imported into ________ is found or is reasonably suspected by an inspector to be infested with Prostephanus truncatus, the inspector shall forthwith so inform the owner of such article or any person having possession thereof and thereupon, as the case may be, such owner or person having possession shall forthwith cause such article to be fumigated or treated with insecticide:
Provided that if in the opinion of the Commissioner of Agriculture such a fumigation or treatment with insecticide is impracticable or will not be a complete safeguard or the delay caused by such fumigation or treatment with will give rise to the risk of introduction or spread of Prostephanus truncatus the Commissioner of Agriculture may authorize the immediate destruction of such article.
4. When any owner or person in possession of any article fails to cause such article to be fumigated or treated with insecticide such article with all reasonable dispatch, when informed by an inspector under the provision of rule _______ of these Rules that it is infested with Prostephanus truncatus, an inspector may cause such article to be fumigated or treated with insecticide and recover the cost of such fumigation or treatment with insecticide.
5. - (1) When any article is reasonably suspected by an inspector of being or having been infested Prostephanus truncatus, the inspector shall forthwith so inform the person in-charge of any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, building or place which has been used for conveyance, transport or storage of such article and thereupon such vessel, vehicle, aircraft, building or place to be fumigated or treated with insecticide as may be directed by the inspector.
(2) In paragraph (1) of this rule and in other relevant rules _____,_____ the words "person in charge" shall include the master in-charge of any vessel, the captain and agent of any aircraft, the driver of any vehicle and the occupier and the owner of any building or space.
6. When any person in charge of any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, building or place fails to cause the same to be fumigated or treated with insecticide with all reasonable dispatch when required by an inspector under the provision of paragraph (_____) of rule (_____) of these rules an inspector may cause such vessels, vehicle, aircraft, building or place to be fumigated or treated with insecticide and may recover from the person in-charge of the vessel, vehicle, aircraft, building or place, the cost of such fumigation or treatment with insecticide.
7. Any owner or person in possession who fails to cause to be fumigated or treated with insecticide with all reasonable dispatch any article when informed by an inspector under the provisions of rule 3 of these rules, that is infested or suspected of being infested with Prostephanus truncatus and any person in-charge of such vessels, vehicle, aircraft, building or place who fails to cause the same to be fumigated or treated with insecticide with all reasonable dispatch when so informed by an inspector under provisions of paragraph (_____) of rule (_____) of these rules shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding (amount).
8.- (1) Any inspector may stop and search any vehicle which he suspects is being or has been used for the conveyance or transportation of any article infested with Prostephanus truncatus.
- (2) Any inspector may for the purpose of paragraph (1) of this rule erect or place barriers in or across any road or street, or any public place within (place).- (3) There shall be affixed to prominently displayed adjacent to every such barrier a notice bearing in white letters not less than ten centimetres in height on a red background the word "GOVERNMENT PEST CONTROL".
9. Any person in charge of a vehicle who:-
(a) wilfully fails to obey any signal of an inspector requiring him to stop such vehicle before reaching any barrier erected or placed in or across any road or street in any public place under the provision of paragraph (2) of rule 8 of these rules; or(b) having been directed by an inspector under the provision of paragraph (_____) of rule (_____) to cause such vehicle to be fumigated or treated with insecticide drives or causes or permits such vehicle to be driven past barrier before such fumigation, or treatment as the case may be, has been carried out shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding _____(amount).
10.- (1) When an inspector finds or suspects presence of Prostephanus truncatus in a locality shall be declared by the Regional Agricultural Development Officer responsible for that locality to be in quarantine.
- (2) No person shall take into or out of the quarantine area cereal grains, dry cassava roots and used grain containers such as gunny bags without a written permission of an inspector.
11. When any field planted with maize is found or is reasonably suspected by an inspector to be infested with Prostephanus truncatus the inspector shall forthwith inform the owner of such field or any person having possession thereof and thereupon such owner or person as the case may be shall:-
(a) cause to be destroyed by fire all parts of the maize plants after removal the maize grain;(b) cause to be fumigated or treated with insecticide all the maize grains as shall be recommended by the inspector.
__________(Place) __________(Signed)
__________(Date) ___________Minister of Agriculture
A sample (P. truncatus) treatment Certificate
No._________
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
|
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE |
DUMUZI (PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS) TREATMENT CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the produce quantified below has been treated in accordance with Plant Protection (Control of Prostephanus truncatus Rules 1986) specifically to kill all stages of Prostephanus truncatus and other storage pests.
1. FUMIGATION
We have fumigated ______ with ______ at the prescribed dosage of ______gm/mc3 or metric tons of an exposure of ______days from ______ to ______
2. TREATMENT
We have treated ______ with ______ at prescribed dosage of ______ gm per Kg/100 Kg of grain.
3. SURFACE TREATMENT
We have treated ______ with ______ at the prescribed dosage rate of gm/m2 or mls/m²
Name and Address of Owner/Agent: ______________________________
Name and Address of Consignee: ________________________________
Area/Region form which exportation/transportation was made ______
Means of Conveyance ______ Date ______
This Certificate is valid up to ______
Stamp of Office
Signature____________
Designation__________
