 5.6
Optical Instruments (9
Periods)
 Magnifying power
of an optical instrument.
The magnifying
glass (simple microscope).
The compound telescope
- magnifying power in normal adjustment.
Astronomical telescope
and Galiliean telescope.
- magnifying power in normal adjustment.
Reflecting telescope.
Prism binoculars.
Simple lens camera.
The human eye.
- eye defects and their corrections.
Assessment objectives
By the end of this topic, the student should be
able to:
- Descirbe the optical parts of the human eye.
- Distinguish between long and short sightedness.
- Explain how the eye defects are corrected.
- Define the terms visual angle, angular magnification,
near point and far point.
- Describe structure and action of: simple microscope,
compound
microscope (normal adjustment) ,astronomical telescope,
Galilean telescope,
reflecting telescope, simple lens camera, projector
lantern.
- State the advantages and disadvantages of reflecting
telescopes
over refracting telescopes (Astronomical telescope and
Galilean telescope)
- Derive and use the expression
- M = ¦
for telescopes
¦
- Define the eye-ring of a telescope and
explain it's significance.
- Describe the action of prism binoculars.
UNIT
6: WAVES
6.1
Types of Wave Motion. (9
Periods)
Transverse and
longitudinal wave motion.
Relation between
v, ¦, and l.
Progressive waves.
- the equation for th eprogressive wave.
y = A sin 2p( t - x )
T l
Transmission of
energy by waves.
Relation between
intensity, frequency and amplitude.
Assessment objectives
By the end of this topic, the student should be
able to:
- Describe longitudinal and transverse waves and explain
their mode
of propagation.
- Define the terms: displacement, amplitude, period,
frequency and
wavelength.
- Derive and use the expression v = ¦l.
- Perform and describe experiments to demonstrate progressive
wave.
- Explain phase of vibrations.
- Derive and use the expression y = A sin 2p( t
- x ) and explain the
significance of ± in the equation.
- Relate amplitude and frequency with energy.
6.2
Superposition of waves
Principle of superposition
Stationary waves
and their properties.
Interference and
beats, Doppler effect.
Longitudeinal stationary
waves and air columns, resonance.
Stationary waves
and stretched strings including the relation
Overtones and harmonies.
Assessment objectives
By the end of this topic, the student should be
able to:
- State and use the principle of superposition of waves.
- Explain interference fo waves and occurrence of beats.
- Derive and use the expression for beat frequency.
- Explain Doppler effect.
- Derive and use the expression for Doppler shift.
- Explain the formation of a stationary wave.
- Explain the terms node and antinode.
- Perform and describe experiments to demonstrate formation
of
stationary waves.
- Derive and use the relation v = 1Ö(T/m)
for a stationary wave in
a stretched string.
- Describe applications of stationary waves in strings.
- Perform and describe experiments to demonstrate longitudinal
stationary
waves in air columns using open pipes and closed pipes.
- Demonstrate and explain resonance.
- Explain overtones and harmonics.
- Perform and describe experiments to measure velocity
and frequency of
sound, using open and closed pipes.
- Derive and use a relationship between the frequency
and length of an air
column.
- Perform and describe experiments to show variation
in speed of sound in
different media and explain the variation.
- Explain the dependence of speed of sound in air on
pressure, temperature
density and direction of wind.
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